The story is as compelling as the music itself. This album addressed pressing social issues and marked a turning point in Gaye's career and the landscape of soul and R&B music.

In the late 1960s, Marvin Gaye was already a celebrated figure in the Motown universe, known for his silky voice and romantic ballads. However, the tumultuous social and political climate of the time and personal tragedies inspired Gaye to create something meaningful and socially conscious.

The album’s concept was initially sparked by Renaldo "Obie" Benson of the Four Tops, who witnessed police brutality during a protest in Berkeley, California.

Benson, along with songwriter Al Cleveland, crafted the song "What's Going On" and presented it to Gaye, who saw its potential as a springboard for a broader project.

The late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by significant social upheaval in the United States, with the Vietnam War, civil rights struggles, and widespread protests. These events deeply affected Gaye, particularly as he grappled with the death of his close friend and singing partner Tammi Terrell in 1970, which plunged him into a deep depression.

These personal and societal issues coalesced, compelling Gaye to channel his grief and frustration into music. He envisioned an album that would address the issues of the day and speak to the collective anxieties of a generation.

At that time, Motown Records, under Berry Gordy, was focused on producing commercially viable hits. Gaye's desire to create a socially conscious concept album was met with resistance.

Gordy initially rejected "What's Going On," fearing its content and departure from Motown’s successful formula would hurt its commercial prospects.

Gaye stood his ground, refusing to record any more songs until Motown agreed to release the single. Gordy eventually relented, and "What's Going On" was released in January 1971. The single's success, reaching No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 paved the way for the full album.

The recording process for What's Going On was something new with Gaye taking on the role of producer, helping him in fully realising his artistic vision. The album featured a blend of lush orchestration, jazz influences, and Gaye's soulful vocals, creating an immersive listening experience.

The album's nine tracks are interconnected, forming a narrative exploring themes of war, poverty, and spirituality. Songs like "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)," "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)," and the titular track reflect Gaye's deep concern for the world and his desire to inspire change.

What's Going On was released on May 21, 1971, and was met with widespread critical acclaim and commercial success. It became one of Motown's best-selling albums and has since been hailed as one of the greatest albums of all time by numerous publications.

The album’s introspective lyrics, combined with its production techniques, resonated sharply with listeners.

Over fifty years later, What's Going On remains a powerful and relevant work. Its themes continue to reflect ongoing social and political struggles. The album has influenced countless artists across genres and stands as a testament to Marvin Gaye’s legacy.